The genetic relationship between cannabis use disorder, cannabis use and psychiatric disorders

The genetic relationship between cannabis use disorder, cannabis use and psychiatric disorders


  • Lowe, D. J. E., Sasiadek, J. D., Coles, A. S. & George, T. P. Cannabis and mental illness: a review. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 269, 107–120 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (SAMHSA, 2022).

  • Cerdá, M. et al. Association between recreational marijuana legalization in the United States and changes in marijuana use and cannabis use disorder from 2008 to 2016. JAMA Psychiatry. 77, 165–171 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Galimberti, M. et al. Genetic influences and causal pathways shared between cannabis use disorder and other substance use traits. Mol. Psychiatry 29, 2905–2910 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Onaemo, V. N., Fawehinmi, T. O. & D’Arcy, C. Comorbid cannabis use disorder with major depression and generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review with meta-analysis of nationally representative epidemiological surveys. J. Affect. Disord. 281, 467–475 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hicks, T. A., Zaur, A. J., Keeley, J. W. & Amstadter, A. B. The association between recreational cannabis use and posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and methodological critique of the literature. Drug Alcohol Depend. 240, 109623 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Devoe, D. J. et al. The prevalence of substance use disorders and substance use in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Eat. Disord. 9, 161 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Burstein, D. et al. Genome-wide analysis of a model-derived binge eating disorder phenotype identifies risk loci and implicates iron metabolism. Nat. Genet. 55, 1462–1470 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hunt, G. E., Large, M. M., Cleary, M., Lai, H. M. X. & Saunders, J. B. Prevalence of comorbid substance use in schizophrenia spectrum disorders in community and clinical settings, 1990–2017: systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 191, 234–258 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pinto, J. V. et al. The prevalence and clinical correlates of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder among patients with bipolar disorder: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 101, 78–84 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nielsen, T. T. et al. Shared genetics of ADHD, cannabis use disorder and cannabis use and prediction of cannabis use disorder in ADHD. Nat. Ment. Health 2, 1071–1083 (2024).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Koller, D. et al. Genetic contribution to the comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders. Psychiatry Res. 333, 115758 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mahabir, V. K., Smith, C. S., Vannabouathong, C., Merchant, J. J. & Garibaldi, A. L. Comparing medical cannabis use in 5 US states: a retrospective database study. J. Cannabis Res. 3, 15 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kilmer, B. & Pérez-Dávila, S. Nine insights from 10 years of legal cannabis for nonmedical purposes. Clin Ther. 45, 496–505 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Schauer, G. L. Cannabis policy in the United States: implications for public health. J. Natl Cancer Inst. Monogr. 2021, 39–52 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kirkham, T. C. Cannabinoids and appetite: food craving and food pleasure. Int. Rev. Psychiatry 21, 163–171 (2009).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ross, J. M., Pacheco-Colón, I., Hawes, S. W. & Gonzalez, R. Bidirectional longitudinal associations between cannabis use and body mass index among adolescents. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 5, 81–88 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Johnson, E. C. et al. A large-scale genome-wide association study meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder. Lancet Psychiatry 7, 1032–1045 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Levey, D. F. et al. Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of cannabis use disorder yields insight into disease biology and public health implications. Nat. Genet. 55, 2094–2103 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hu, L.-t. & Bentler, P. M. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct. Equ. Model. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118 (1999).

  • Hall, W. et al. Public health implications of legalising the production and sale of cannabis for medicinal and recreational use. Lancet 394, 1580–1590 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • ElSohly, M. A., Chandra, S., Radwan, M., Majumdar, C. G. & Church, J. C. A comprehensive review of cannabis potency in the United States in the last decade. Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging. 6, 603–606 (2021).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pasman, J. A. et al. GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, genetic overlap with psychiatric traits, and a causal effect of schizophrenia liability. Nat. Neurosci. 21, 1161–1170 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pardiñas, A. F. et al. Common schizophrenia alleles are enriched in mutation-intolerant genes and in regions under strong background selection. Nat. Genet. 50, 381–389 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Saunders, G. R. B. et al. Genetic diversity fuels gene discovery for tobacco and alcohol use. Nature 612, 720–724 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Machiela, J. M. & Chanock, S. J. LDlink: a web-based application for exploring population-specific haplotype structure and linking correlated alleles of possible functional variants. Bioinformatics 31, 3555–3557 (2015).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Demontis, D. et al. Genome-wide association study implicates CHRNA2 in cannabis use disorder. Nat. Neurosci. 22, 1066–1074 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Banna, F. K. E. et al. Back-translating GWAS findings to animal models reveals a role for Hgfac and Slc39a8 in alcohol and nicotine consumption. Sci. Rep. 12, 9336 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • He, L. et al. ZIP8, member of the solute-carrier-39 (SLC39) metal-transporter family: characterization of transporter properties. Mol. Pharmacol. 70, 171–180 (2006).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Trubetskoy, V. et al. Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia. Nature 604, 502–508 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mullins, N. et al. Genome-wide association study of more than 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology. Nat. Genet. 53, 817–829 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Levey, D. F. et al. Bi-ancestral depression GWAS in the Million Veteran Program and meta-analysis in >1.2 million individuals highlight new therapeutic directions. Nat. Neurosci. 24, 954–963 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Deak, J. D. et al. Genome-wide association study in individuals of European and African ancestry and multi-trait analysis of opioid use disorder identifies 19 independent genome-wide significant risk loci. Mol. Psychiatry 27, 3970–3979 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jang, S.-K. et al. Genetic correlation, pleiotropy, and causal associations between substance use and psychiatric disorder. Psychol. Med. 52, 968–978 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Schoeler, T., Ferris, J. & Winstock, A. R. Rates and correlates of cannabis-associated psychotic symptoms in over 230,000 people who use cannabis. Transl. Psychiatry. 12, 369 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Johnson, E. C. et al. The relationship between cannabis and schizophrenia: a genetically informed perspective. Addiction 116, 3227–3234 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Johnson, E. C. et al. Cross-ancestry genetic investigation of schizophrenia, cannabis use disorder, and tobacco smoking. Neuropsychopharmacology 49, 1655–1665 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Vaucher, J. et al. Cannabis use and risk of schizophrenia: a Mendelian randomization study. Mol. Psychiatry 23, 1287–1292 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bowden, J. et al. Assessing causality in associations between cannabis use and schizophrenia risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Psychol. Med. 47, 971–980 (2016).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Cheng, W. et al. The relationship between cannabis use, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder: a genetically informed study. Lancet Psychiatry 10, 441–451 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jefsen, O. H., Speed, M., Speed, D. & Østergaard, S. D. Bipolar disorder and cannabis use: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Addict. Biol. 26, e13030 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Compton, W. et al. Association between cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia stronger in young males than in females. Psychol. Med. 53, 7322–7328 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Levey, D. F. et al. Reproducible genetic risk loci for anxiety: results from 200,000 participants in the Million Veteran Program. Am. J. Psychiatry 177, 223–232 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Watson, H. J. et al. Genome-wide association study identifies eight risk loci and implicates metabo-psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa. Nat. Genet. 51, 1207–1214 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Demontis, D. et al. Genome-wide analyses of ADHD identify 27 risk loci, refine the genetic architecture and implicate several cognitive domains. Nat. Genet. 55, 198–208 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edn (APA, 2000).

  • Stein, M. B. et al. Genome-wide association analyses of post-traumatic stress disorder and its symptom subdomains in the Million Veteran Program. Nat. Genet. 53, 174–184 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gupta, P. et al. A genome-wide investigation into the underlying genetic architecture of personality traits and overlap with psychopathology. Nat. Hum. Behav. 8, 2235–2249 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bulik-Sullivan, B. et al. An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits. Nat. Genet. 47, 1236–1241 (2015).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Brown, B. C., Ye, C. J., Price, A. L. & Zaitlen, N. Transethnic genetic-correlation estimates from summary statistics. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 99, 76–88 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhu, Z. et al. Causal associations between risk factors and common diseases inferred from GWAS summary data. Nat. Commun. 9, 224 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Okbay, A. et al. Polygenic prediction of educational attainment within and between families from genome-wide association analyses in 3 million individuals. Nat. Genet. 54, 437–449 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Werme, J., van der Sluis, S., Posthuma, D. & de Leeuw, C. A. An integrated framework for local genetic correlation analysis. Nat. Genet. 54, 274–282 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Foley, C. N. et al. A fast and efficient colocalization algorithm for identifying shared genetic risk factors across multiple traits. Nat. Commun. 12, 764 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Berisa, T. & Pickrell, J. K. Approximately independent linkage disequilibrium blocks in human populations. Bioinformatics 32, 283–285 (2015).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mounier, N. & Kutalik, Z. Bias correction for inverse variance weighting Mendelian randomization. Genet. Epidemiol. 47, 314–331 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Grotzinger, A. D. et al. Genomic structural equation modelling provides insights into the multivariate genetic architecture of complex traits. Nat. Hum. Behav. 3, 513–525 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fürtjes, A. E. et al. General dimensions of human brain morphometry inferred from genome-wide association data. Hum. Brain. Mapp. 44, 3311–3323 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chang, W. C. et al. Lifetime prevalence and correlates of schizophrenia-spectrum, affective, and other non-affective psychotic disorders in the Chinese adult population. Schizophr. Bull. 43, 1280–1290 (2017).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Charlson, F. J. et al. Global epidemiology and burden of schizophrenia: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Schizophr. Bull. 44, 1195–1203 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Merikangas, K. R. et al. Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 68, 241–251 (2011).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hasin, D. S. et al. Epidemiology of Adult DSM-5 major depressive disorder and its specifiers in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry 75, 336–346 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Baxter, A. J. et al. Global variation in the prevalence and incidence of major depressive disorder: a systematic review of the epidemiological literature. Psychol. Med. 43, 471–481 (2012).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • van Eeden, A. E., van Hoeken, D. & Hoek, H. W. Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 34, 515–524 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yallop, L. et al. Lifetime prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in young adults: examining variations in the socioeconomic gradient. Can. J. Psychiatry 60, 432–440 (2015).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Harpaz-Rotem, I., Tsai, J., Pietrzak, R. H. & Hoff, R. The dimensional structure of posttraumatic stress symptomatology in 323,903 US veterans. J. Psychiatr. Res. 49, 31–36 (2014).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     



  • Source link